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Any text in handwriting or typescript (including printed forms completed by hand or typewriter) which may or may not be part of a collection of such texts. Examples of manuscripts are letters, diaries, ledgers, minutes, speeches, marked or corrected galle |
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Although the literal meaning of manuscript is 'handwritten,' the Library's manuscript collections cover all kinds of unpublished written records and many contain published and pictorial records as well. The kinds of records are extremely diverse: letters, |
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All maps distort reality. All mapmakers use generalization and symbolization to highlight critical information and to suppress detail of lower priority. All cartography seeks to portray the complex, three-dimensional world on a flat sheet of paper or on a |
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The Library of Congress and the National Library of Canada are pleased to announce that the harmonized USMARC and CAN/MARC formats will be published in a single edition in early 1999 under a new name: MARC 21. The name both points to the future as we move |
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The macro-appraisal model developed first to appraise the records of the Government of Canada, for example, finds sanction for archival appraisal value of determining what to keep and what to destroy, not in the dictates of the state, as traditionally, no |
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Based on empirical research, macro-appraisal is intended to result in an archives that documents processes and functions. If functional analysis reveals gaps or overrepresentation in what is documented, then steps can be taken, including, for the former, |
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Essentially, macro-appraisal shifts the primary focus of appraisal from the record – including any research characteristics or values it may contain – to the functional context in which the record is created. The main appraisal questions for the archivist |
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The early concept of an MIS, commonplace in the 1960s and early 1970s, was that systems analysts would determine the information requirements of individual managers in an organization, and would design systems to supply that information routinely and/or o |
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MAD is intended to be a standard for the production of finding aids; it has rejected the bibliographic model as a standard for archival description. . . . MAD's focus on more rigorous models for output reflects perhaps the British archival tradition, wher |
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Anyone who works as a keeper of stuff in a corporate environment cannot afford to worry too much about the fine distinctions between Record Manager, Librarian, Archivist and Document Control Manager. The key is to keep what the corporation needs. Need i |
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The life cycle model for managing records, as articulated by Theodore Schellenberg and others, has been the prominent model for North American archivists and records managers since at least the 1960s. . . . This model portrays the life of a record as goin |
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Life Expectancy (LE) is a term that describes the stability of imaging materials. The standard has always been "archival." But when computer folks say archival, they are talking about something that is usable in 2 months. When librarians say archival, the |
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The University of Pittsburgh Electronic Recordkeeping Project suggested that requirements for electronic recordkeeping should derive from authoritative sources, such as the law, customs, standards, and professional best practices accepted by society and c |
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For centuries libraries and publishers have had stable roles: publishers produced information; libraries kept it safe for reader access. There is no fundamental reason for the online environment to force institutions to abandon these roles. ¶ The LO |
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The first mechanical method of copying to gain widespread use in American business was press copying, first patented by James Watt in 1780 but not widely adopted in business until much later. As the technology came into common use, a screw-powered letter |
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There may be several appropriate levels of description for any given body of archival material. These levels normally correspond to natural divisions based on provenance or physical form. The principle corresponds with the bibliographic concept of analys |
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In all archival depositories there can be distinguished, usually, at least five levels of arrangement: 1. Arrangement at the depository level – the depository's complete holdings into a few major divisions on the broadest common denominator possible and t |
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If it were up to me, I would abolish the word entirely and turn back to the lexicological wisdom of the ancients, who saw librarians not as feeble sorters and shelvers but as heroic guardians. In Assyrian, Babylonian, and Egyptian cultures alike, those w |
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Librarianship is an information profession wherein data are valued as independent entities, separate from the context that created them. By contrast, archivists must focus on unique documents created often as the accident rather than the object of an act |
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Generally, determine access points for the material being cataloged from its chief source of information. When statements appearing in the chief source are ambiguous or insufficient, use information appearing outside the material and the chief source for |
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If the title of the publication changes in any significant way, a new ISSN must be assigned in order to correspond to this new form of title and avoid any confusion. A serial publication whose title is modified several times in the course of its existence |
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Not all information is valuable. Therefore, it's up to individual companies to determine what information qualifies as intellectual and knowledge-based assets. In general, however, intellectual and knowledge-based assets fall into one of two categories: e |
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A lot of American 19th-century artists considered that the essence of the origin of their country was reflected in the landscape. With nature as the starting point, they developed their own artistic current which distanced itself from the European traditi |
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For certain kinds of materials, particularly those of large format, e.g., newspapers and maps, leafcasting is a much more efficient and economical method of repair than the traditional manual methods. Its use can also strengthen the entire leaf, as leafca |
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Iron gall ink is primarily made from tannin (most often extracted from galls), vitriol (iron sulfate), gum, and water. Because iron gall ink is indelible, it was the ink of choice for documentation from the late Middle Ages to the middle of the twentieth |
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