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[Tim] Berners-Lee, with a background in system design in real-time communications and text-processing software development, invented the Web while working at CERN, world's largest particle physics laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. ¶ The web was firs |
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At the same time that the rigour of diplomatic criticism is undermined by the inherent ambiguity of the photograph, diplomatics is a useful conceptual tool by which archivists may come to achieve a greater degree of visual literacy, and by that I mean the |
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We hear increasingly of 'visual literacy,' the ability to 'read' pictorial images – still and moving photographs, for example – to answer the surprisingly difficult question of what they are 'about.' |
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Our international membership includes information specialists; digital image specialists; art, architecture, film, and video librarians; museum curators; slide, photograph, microfilm, and digital archivists; architectural firms; galleries; publishers; im |
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A set of [XML] labels is often called a vocabulary. When large groups of people can accept a common vocabulary, or even declare it a standard of some sort, applications of many different kinds on many different kinds of computers and networks can share an |
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The terms 'waste book', 'daybook', and 'journal' were sometimes used interchangeably. A waste book is simply the rough form of a daybook; 'journal' usually refers to the book used in double entry bookkeeping to separate transactions into debits and credi |
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[Variants] are frequent in hand-printed books and are accounted for by the fact that mistakes were noticed and the type altered during printing, the sheets already printed remaining untouched. |
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Variorum is Latin for 'of the various'; it comes from the longer phrase, editio cum notis variorum editorum, 'an edition with the notes of various editors.'¶ A variorum edition gives not only the text the editor established, or the editor's own note |
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There exists a process of verification1 that is based on slow, collective, public performance by what Charles Sanders Pierce called 'the Community.' It is thanks to human faith in the work of this community that we can say, with some serenity, that the D |
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Verification3 and validation [is] a general term for the complete range of checks that are performed on a system in order to increase confidence that the system is suitable for its intended purpose. This range might include a rigorous set of functional te |
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Melvil Dewey, the inventor of the Dewey Decimal System, adapted the idea of the library card catalog . . . to produce the vertical filing system we still use today. In this system, consisting of hanging file folders and stored in file cabinets, it was mu |
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Verification and validation3 [is] a general term for the complete range of checks that are performed on a system in order to increase confidence that the system is suitable for its intended purpose. This range might include a rigorous set of functional te |
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The records appraisal concept holds that the retention value2 of business records must be established based on identifying the primary and secondary values the records possess, and then making judgments as to when, if ever, these values expire or decline |
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Supported by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Pittsburgh School of Information Sciences has conducted a research project to examine variables that affect the integration of recordkeeping requirements in elect |
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At least three things are glaringly obvious about the utilitarian approach to records appraisal. The first is that it is not perfect. Of course, if no archival theory or practice could be allowed unless it was 'perfect,' we would have not theory or prac |
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In order to constitute a valid2 record it must be made by an officer having the authority to do so, or, as stated otherwise, it is essential that it be made by the person whose duty it is to make the record, or the transcription of an instrument into the |
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The term 'Uniform Resource Locator' (URL) refers to the subset of URI that identify resources via a representation of their primary access mechanism (e.g., their network 'location'), rather than identifying the resource by name or by some other attribute( |
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The term 'Uniform Resource Name' (URN) refers to the subset of URI that are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable. |
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A uniform title provides the means for bringing together all catalogue entries of a work when various manifestations (e.g., editions, translations) of it have appeared under various titles. A uniform title also provides identification for a work when the |
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The ULAN is a structured vocabulary that contains around 250,000 names and other information about artists. The coverage of the ULAN is from Antiquity to the present and the geographic scope is global. The scope of the ULAN includes any identified individ |
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The Universal Preservation Format is a file format that utilizes a container or wrapper structure. Its framework incorporates metadata that identifies its contents within a registry of standard data types and serves as the source code for mapping or trans |
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Whereas reliability is connected to the process of documentary creation, authenticity is connected to its transmission and involves verifying or establishing the document's authorship, its place and date of origin, its status as an original or copy, and t |
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It is generally accepted by all literate civilizations that documents are trustworthy (that is, reliable) because of their completeness and controlled procedure of creation, and which are guaranteed to be intact and what they purport to be (that is, authe |
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The environment in which records reside can either increase or decrease their reliability and trustworthiness. The courts bestow a high degree of trust in records that are 'kept in the regular course of business activity . . . as shown by the testimony o |
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The archival notion of document trustworthiness borrows from a number of traditions, the most influential of which are the rationalist tradition of legal evidence scholarship, specifically the rules governing the admissibility of documents, the modernist |
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