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Ptolemy systematized cartography by insisting that maps be drawn to scale and that they be oriented to the north. He was the first to offer a projection by which a spherical earth could be rendered on a flat surface.

Reference: 
p. 65
Citation Text: 

Ptolemy systematized cartography by insisting that maps be drawn to scale and that they be oriented to the north. He was the first to offer a projection by which a spherical earth could be rendered on a flat surface.

Citation Source: 
Harvey 2000

A Glossary of Archival and Records Terminology